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El estudio es importante porque permitió conocer la disposición de espacios públicos y áreas verdes para aprender a convivir y fomentar las prácticas deportivas, y ha permitido determinar que el 90% de los 45 directivos concuerdan de que la municipalidad deberá asignar un presupuesto para habilitar de más espacios con algunos mecanismos propios de los gobiernos municipales, debido a que, a la fecha se ha observado que por cada loza deportiva pavimentada publica, aproximadamente existen 3 campos deportivos con gras artificial con administración privada; el objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la relación que existe entre los tipos de comunicación al interior de los barrios de la liga provincial de futbol; el estudio fue descriptivo de alcance correlacional, con diseño no experimental, transversal. Los sujetos de la muestra fueron seleccionados por conveniencia, es decir, muestra no probabilística, estaba conformada por la totalidad de 45 representantes de 15 equipos deportivos, que incluyeron 3 representantes por cada equipo deportivo de futbol. Los participantes en las competencias deportivas organizadas por la Subgerencia de deporte Pearson 2 de las 3 correlaciones son altas, por ser mayores de 0,50, a excepción de la correlación entre las dimensiones: ascendente, y horizontal es una baja correlación de Pearson de 0,36; eso explica las ligeras dificultades en la convivencia. En consecuencia, la comunicación para superar la carencia de espacios habilitados para las prácticas deportivas es viable, tal como se aprecia en la mayoría de correlaciones.
O estudo é importante porque permitiu conhecer a disposição de espaços públicos e áreas verdes para aprender a conviver e promover práticas esportivas, e permitiu determinar que 90% dos 45 diretores concordam que o município deve alocar um orçamento para permitir mais espaços com alguns mecanismos dos governos municipais, porque, até o momento, observou-se que, para cada campo esportivo público pavimentado, existem aproximadamente 3 campos esportivos com grama artificial com administração privada; O objetivo desta pesquisa é determinar a relação existente entre os tipos de comunicação nos bairros da liga provincial de futebol; o estudo foi descritivo e correlacional, com um desenho não experimental e transversal. Os sujeitos da amostra foram selecionados por conveniência, ou seja, uma amostra não probabilística, e consistiram em 45 representantes de 15 times esportivos, incluindo 3 representantes de cada time de futebol. Os participantes das competições esportivas organizadas pelo gerente adjunto de esporte Pearson 2 das 3 correlações são altas, sendo maiores que 0,50, exceto pela correlação entre as dimensões: ascendente e horizontal, que é uma correlação de Pearson baixa, de 0,36; isso explica as pequenas dificuldades de convivência. Consequentemente, a comunicação para superar a falta de espaços para atividades esportivas é viável, como pode ser visto na maioria das correlações.
The study is important because it allowed to know the existence of public spaces and green areas to learn to coexist and promote sports practices, and it has allowed to determine that 90% of the 45 managers agree that the municipality should allocate a budget to enable more spaces with some own mechanisms of municipal governments, due to the fact that, to date, it has been observed that for each public paved sports ground, there are approximately 3 sports fields with artificial grass with private administration; the objective of this research is to determine the relationship that exists between the types of communication within the neighborhoods of the provincial soccer league; the study was descriptive with a correlational scope, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The subjects of the sample were selected for convenience, that is, a non-probabilistic sample, it was made up of a total of 45 representatives of 15 sports teams, which included 3 representatives for each soccer sports team. The participants in the sports competitions organized by the Sports Department Pearson 2 of the 3 correlations are high, being greater than 0.50, with the exception of the correlation between the dimensions: ascending, and horizontal is a low Pearson correlation of 0 .36; that explains the slight difficulties in coexistence. Consequently, communication to overcome the lack of spaces set up for sports practice is viable, as can be seen in most correlations.
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【Objective:】 To explore the correlation between hospital ethics atmosphere and work engagement of nurses in emergency department, and provide a basis for reasonably solving ethical issues and improving nurses’ work engagement. 【Methods:】 From May 2019 to May 2021, the convenient sampling method was used to select 350 nurses from emergency departments of four tertiary or above hospitals in Xi’an as the research subjects. The Ethical Climate Cognitive Scale and the Work Engagement Scale were used to evaluate the hospital ethical atmosphere and work engagement of nurse, and analyze their correlation. The univariate factor analysis and multiple factor analysis were used to explore the influencing factors. 【Results:】 The work engagement score of emergency department nurses was (51.69±11.09) points, and the ethical atmosphere score was (72.78±11.45) points. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the work engagement scores among emergency department nurses with different educational backgrounds, hospital grades, hospital employment methods, and whether they had received ethics training (P<0.05). The results of multiple factor analysis indicated that the cognition of hospital ethical atmosphere, hospital employment methods, and whether they had received ethics education and training were all factors that affected work engagement (P<0.05). 【Conclusion:】 The hospital ethical atmosphere is positively correlated with the work engagement of emergency department nurse. The ethical atmosphere and work engagement of nurses are both at a moderate level, with significant room for improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to strengthen the management support of emergency nursing work and improve the perceived level of recognition and respect among emergency department nurses in the organization.
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Resumen Introducción: Para las personas con trabajo remunerado, la familia es una fuente importante de recursos psicológicos que contribuyen a su bienestar. Se hipotetiza que el apoyo familiar es un factor protector de la satisfacción vital de la persona, de modo directo y a través de otras variables como las comidas familiares y la satisfacción con la vida familiar. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el papel mediador en serie de la atmósfera de las comidas familiares y la satisfacción con la vida familiar en la relación entre el apoyo familiar y la satisfacción con la vida, en mujeres y hombres con trabajos remunerados. Método: Se aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida, Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido, Escala Atmósfera de las Comidas Familiares y Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida Familiar, a una muestra de 236 mujeres y 236 hombres con trabajo remunerado en Temuco, Chile. El análisis estadístico consideró un modelo de mediación en serie con un Intervalo de Confianza del 95%. Resultados: El apoyo familiar y la satisfacción con la vida correlacionaron de forma directa y estadísticamente significativa. Además, se obtuvo un efecto indirecto significativo de la atmósfera de las comidas familiares y la satisfacción con la vida familiar, en la relación entre el apoyo familiar y la satisfacción con la vida. La atmósfera de las comidas familiares y la satisfacción con la vida familiar son mediadores en serie en la relación entre el apoyo familiar y la satisfacción con la vida, en este grupo de trabajadores. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que variables asociadas a la familia y a aspectos sociales de la alimentación influyen positivamente en la satisfacción vital de los trabajadores.
Abstract Introduction: For workers, family is an important source of psychological resources that contribute to the individual's well-being. It is hypothesized that family support is a protective factor of the person's life satisfaction, directly and through other variables such as family meals and satisfaction with family life. In this regard, the aim of this study was to examine the serial mediating role of the atmosphere of family meals and satisfaction with family life in the relationship between family support and satisfaction with life, in women and men with paid jobs. Method: The Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (family subscale), a measure of Atmosphere Scale of Family Meals and the Satisfaction with Family Life Scale were administered to a sample of 236 women and 236 men with paid jobs in Temuco, Chile. The statistical analysis considered a serial mediation model with a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Family support and satisfaction with life significantly correlated with one another. In addition, a significant indirect effect of the atmosphere of family meals and satisfaction with family life was obtained in the relationship between family support and life satisfaction. The atmosphere of family meals and satisfaction with family life are serial mediators in the relationship between family support and life satisfaction in this group of workers. Conclusions: Results suggest that variables related to the family domain and to social aspects of food consumption have a positive impact in workers' life satisfaction.
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Introduction: The aim of the study was to show atmospheric pressure change by indirect measurement in hermetically closed vessels during four years follow-up. Methods: Study design: an observational case study. In hermetically sealed elastic bottles with different liquids were measured differences in liquid and air volumes from baseline to four years follow-up period. Physical law of buoyancy was used to measure in each bottles liquid and air (above the liquid) volumes. Results: Volumes of liquid and air in all bottles were decreased after the follow-up period to 14.38�40 and 36.25�37 ml, respectively. Air volumes in comparison to liquid volumes decreased more than two times significantly (P=0.0007) after follow-up period. Conclusions: Thus, atmospheric pressure increased for the last four-year follow-up period. Further investigations are needed.
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The perishable nature of flowers urge for their appropriate post harvest management especially storage and packaging that keep the quality and potential vase life for better value. Gladiolus, commonly called as Sword lily, is a commercially important cut flower crop with elegant spikes, bright florets and good keeping quality. In the present study, we investigated the physiological and biochemical attributes affecting post harvest life of gladiolus spikes after packaging and storage. The spikes of four gladiolus cvs. Punjab Glance, Punjab Glad-1, Punjab Glad-2 and Punjab Pink Elegance were harvested at tight bud stage and packed in PP sleeves (25 ?m) and stored vertically at 4-5°C for 6, 9 and 12 days. After storage, the post harvest quality of both packed and unpacked spikes declined with more adverse effect on unpacked spikes. Among different storage durations, the spikes stored for 9 days showed good keeping quality parameters viz., vase life, per cent flower opened, floret size, days to opening of basal floret, maximum number of florets open at one time and water absorbed per spike which were at par with spikes stored for 6 days. The spikes stored for 12 days were found to be unacceptable in comparison to freshly harvested spikes and spikes stored for 6 and 9 days. The improved quality of spikes stored in sleeves could be accounted due to higher membrane stability index, relative water content, catalase and peroxidase activity as compared to unpacked spikes. Thus, loss in quality of spikes as compared to fresh during storage up to 9 days in PP sleeves is better than the complete loss of produce during transportation and gluts. Hence, the spikes of gladiolus could be stored dry at 4±0.5°C in PP sleeves for 9 days without much influence on its post harvest quality.
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Objective:To investigate the current situation of spiritual care ability, occupational sadness, perceived hospital ethics of hospice nurses, and to analyze the impact of nurses' occupational sadness and perceived hospital ethics on nurses′ spiritual care ability.Methods:A total of 230 hospice nurses in Qingdao Eighth People′s Hospital, Qingdao Municipal Hospital and Qingdao Central Hospital (Qingdao Cancer Hospital) from March to June, 2021 were investigated by general information questionnaire, Spiritual Care Ability Scale, Sadness Experience Scale and Hospital Ethical Atmosphere Scale.Results:The scores of spiritual care ability, professional sadness and perceived hospital ethics of 230 hospice nurses were (70.59 ±13.35), (37.31 ±6.67) and (100.88 ±21.49) points, respectively. The results of regression analysis showed that receiving spiritual education ( β=0.26, P<0.05), professional sadness ( β=-0.08, P<0.05) and perceiving hospital ethical atmosphere ( β=0.63, P<0.05) entered the regression equation. Conclusions:The spiritual care ability of hospice nurses is at the medium level. Increasing spiritual education, taking measures to reduce occupational sadness and create a harmonious working atmosphere can improve the spiritual care ability of nurses to a certain extent and improve the quality of hospice care.
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Shanghai is one of the cities with the highest economic level in China. Environmental health in Shanghai has always been a national pilot and at the forefront of the country. After 70 years of development, Shanghai has established a public health monitoring network for major environmental health issues. The main line of research work has turned to be on health risk assessment, exposure-health effect, and the relationship between environment and population health. This article reviews the achievements and problems of in various aspects of environmental health in the past 70 years, including drinking water, the atmosphere, public places, rural environments, emergency handling and featured researches. It provides reference for the development of environmental health in the future.
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Chronic wounds are characterized by complex pathogenesis, long course of disease, and occur mostly in middle-aged and elderly people. As the population ages, chronic wounds have gradually become significant burden on the affected patients and the healthcare system. In the past decade, cold atmosphere plasma (CAP) was found to have the effects of resisting infection and promoting wound healing. By reviewing recent researches on the treatment of chronic wounds and biological effects of CAP at home and abroad, this article summarizes the research progress of CAP in the treatment of chronic wounds, aiming at providing a reference for the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Dioxin, a persistent organic pollutant, is also a typical environmental endocrine disruptor.With its strong toxicity, it can persist in the environment and be enriched through the food chain.Therefore, it has attracted wide attention in recent years.In this paper, the pollution status of dioxins in the atmosphere is summarized, the risk of respiratory exposure to dioxins is introduced, the possible health effects of human exposure to dioxins are summarized, and suggestions for future control are put forward.In cities and functional areas with high dioxin concentration, long-term inhalation of pollutants has potential risks for people′s health and life span.It is suggested to carry out orderly classification of waste, track and monitor the health status of residents around the waste incinerator, and to establish relevant emission standards and limits, so as to gradually standardize and make the dioxin emission harmless.
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Objective To explore the relationship between organizational innovation atmosphere and nurses′job satisfaction in China. Methods 300 nurses were sampled during January-February 2018 using convenience sampling method, for a questionnaire survey with the general information questionnaire, nurse organizational innovation atmosphere scale and Minnesota satisfaction scale. Results 282 valid questionnaires were recovered out of 300 questionnaires issued, accounting for 94% of valid recovery rate. The score of organizational innovation atmosphere was 81.35 ± 14.51, and that of job satisfaction was 69.85 ± 14.91, proving a correlation between organizational innovation atmosphere and job satisfaction (P<0.01). A hierarchical regression analysis showed that, with demographic data under control, the regression model can explain 52% of the variance in nurses′ job satisfaction.Conclusions Organizational innovation atmosphere and nurses′ job satisfaction of the hospital are both at a higher level. Good organizational innovation atmosphere contributes to higher job satisfaction of nurses.
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Objective@#To explore the effect of air pollutants on salivary lysozyme of pupils in Hangzhou,and to provide a reference for effectively improving health index of primary school students.@*Methods@#A total of 248 healthy pupils from one primary school in Xiacheng district, Xihu district and Chun’an county of Hangzhou were selected with cluster random sampling methods during October 2015 to March 2016. Meteorological and air quality data near the three schools during the same period were collected. Mixed linear model was used to analyze the influence of air pollutants on salivary lysozyme of pupils.@*Results@#There was significant difference in the content of salivary enzymes between Xihu District and Xiacheng District (t=-4.49, 2.75, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in salivary lysozyme among pupils of different sex and age. Mixed linear model suggested that for 1 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO, salivary lysozyme increased by 1.75, 0.82, 6.12, 1.05 and 70.73 μg/L,respectively. Salivary lysozyme increased by 8.17 μg/L for 1 μg/m3 increase of SO2 the day before the test.@*Conclusion@#The level of salivary lysozyme in pupils is positively correlated with the concentration of air pollutants with a lagging effect.
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Abstract The effect of different modified atmosphere packaging regimes on the behavior of Salmonella spp. on minced meat was studied. Minced meat was experimentally contaminated with a Salmonella spp. cocktail (S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis and S. Arizonae), packaged under vacuum or modified atmosphere with initial headspaces containing 20%O2/50%CO2/30%N2 and 20%O2/30%CO2/50%N2) and stored at 3 ± 1 °C for 12 days. Samples were analyzed for Salmonella spp., viable and lactic acid bacteria count every third day. Salmonella spp. counts decreased during storage in all packaging types, with reductions of about 1.5 log CFU/g. A significant difference (p < 0.01) was noted between Salmonella spp. counts in meat packaged in vacuum and modified atmospheres, although there was no significant difference in Salmonella spp. count between meat packaged in 50%CO2, and meat packaged in 30%CO2. At the end of the study, there were significant differences (p < 0.01; p < 0.05) in total viable and lactic acid bacterial counts between meat packaged in vacuum and modified atmosphere, and the lowest counts were noted in meat packaged in modified atmosphere with 50%CO2.
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Animals , Cattle , Salmonella/growth & development , Food Packaging/methods , Microbial Viability , Meat/microbiology , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Salmonella/genetics , Swine , Vacuum , Colony Count, Microbial , Food Packaging/instrumentation , Meat/analysisABSTRACT
Cold atmosphere plasma (CAP) is the fourth state substance produced by gas thermal unbalanced ionization,which can influence tumor biological behavior by regulating a series of related genes and cell signaling pathways.CAP has the chemotherapeutic sensitization and is closely related to the characteristic of selective anti-tumor effect,which may become a very effective new treatment in the future.
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Foram estudados diferentes diluentes no processo de refrigeração do sêmen da garoupa-verdadeira. Inicialmente, a taxa e a duração da motilidade e a concentração espermática foram avaliadas, caracterizando a qualidade do sêmen fresco. Para os testes de refrigeração a 4ºC, diferentes diluentes foram testados em atmosfera normal e modificada (100% oxigênio). O sêmen fresco apresentou concentração espermática de 3,1±0,2 x 109 células mL-1, motilidade média de 90%, permanecendo móvel, em média, por 3.060 segundos. No experimento de refrigeração, a taxa e a duração média da motilidade foram mantidas adequadas durante 144 horas para o diluente A (70%; 3100 segundos) em atmosfera normal. Na atmosfera modificada, a qualidade do sêmen caiu drasticamente durante as primeiras 24 horas, independentemente do diluente empregado, não propiciando vantagem em sua utilização. A refrigeração do sêmen da garoupa-verdadeira permite manter por até 144 horas uma apropriada qualidade espermática.(AU)
This study aimed to evaluate different extenders in refrigerated storage of dusky grouper sperm. Initially, motility rate, motility time, and sperm density were analyzed to characterize the fresh sperm quality. Different diluents were used in the refrigerated storage sperm at 4ºC in normal atmosphere and modified atmosphere (100% oxygen). The fresh sperm has a spermatozoa density of 3.1±0.2 x 109 spermatozoa mL-1, motility rate 90% and motility time of 3,060 seconds. In the experiment of refrigerated storage, the motility rate and the motility time were maintained appropriate for 144 hours for the extender A (70%; 3,100 seconds) in normal atmosphere. In the modified atmosphere, the sperm quality decreased drastically during the first 24 hours, independently of the diluent used, not propitiating advantages. The refrigerated sperm of dusky grouper is a viable alternative for the short-term storage, being possible, to maintain for up to 144 hours an appropriate sperm viability.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Fisheries/analysis , Perciformes/embryology , Semen Preservation/veterinaryABSTRACT
Many studies have shown that climatic and pollutant variables are directly related to the increase of hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases, mainly asthma. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between exposure to climate variables, pollutants, aerosols and hospitalizations due to asthma. This ecological study used time series with daily asthma hospitalization indicators, and concentrations of pollutants, climate data and aerosols, between January 2013 and December 2013. A generalized additive model using Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk with a two-day lag after exposure; the unipollutant model was adjusted by the apparent temperature, a measure defined from the temperature and relative humidity of the air, and a variable was added to control the seasonality and the day of the week. As a result, the values of relative risks (RR) for hospitalizations due to asthma were: for minimum temperature RR= 0.8985; maximum humidity RR= 0.9819; wind speed RR= 0.9419; rain RR= 0.9834; ozone RR= 0.9735; aerosols (AOT) RR= 1.0078; clearness index (Kt) RR= 0.0492 and carbon monoxide RR= 1.0865 for a two-day lag. After considering the aforementioned factors, we found the values of B coefficients. Exposure to climatic variables, pollutants, aerosols and clearness index was associated with hospitalizations due to asthma, and provided subsidies for the implementation of preventive measures to decrease these outcomes
Muitos estudos vêm demonstrando que variáveis climáticas e poluentes tem uma relação direta no aumento de internações por doenças respiratórias, principalmente por asma. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a associação entre exposição às variáveis climáticas, poluentes, aerossóis nas internações por asma. O presente estudo ecológico utilizou séries temporais com indicadores diários de internação por asma, e concentrações de poluentes, dados de clima e aerossóis, entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2013. Um modelo aditivo generalizado utilizando regressão de Poisson foi usado para estimar o risco relativo, com defasagem de dois dias após a exposição; o modelo unipoluente foi ajustado pela temperatura aparente, medida definida a partir da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, foi adicionada uma variável para controlar a sazonalidade e o dia da semana. Como resultados, os valores dos riscos relativos para internações por asma foram para Temperatura mínima: RR=0,8985; umidade máxima RR=0,9819; velocidade dos ventos RR=0,9419; precipitação RR= 0,9834; ozônio RR=0,9735; aerossóis (AOT; RR=1,0078; índice de claridade (Kt) RR=0,0492 e monóxido de carbono RR=1,0865 para defasagem temporal de dois dias. Após considerar os fatores mencionados, encontramos os valores dos coeficientes B's. A exposição às variáveis climáticas, poluentes, aerossóis e índice de claridade esteve associada às internações por asma, e forneceu subsídios para implantação de medidas preventivas para diminuírem esses desfechos
Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Atmosphere , Environmental Pollutants , HospitalizationABSTRACT
Objective Investigate the current situation of emergency nurses' perception of hospital safety climate in tertiary hospitals. MethodsA total of 866 emergency nurses from 114 hospitals in 29 provinces,municipalities and autonomous re.gions were randomly selected,and the self-designed general information questionnaire and Chinese version of the hospital safety climate scale were used to investigate. ResultsThe overall hospital safety climatel was(3.97+0.61). Univariate analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences in the hospital safe.ty climate of emergency nurses with educational background and employment form (P<0.05). ConclusionThe e-mergency nurses have a better sense of the overall hospital safety climate,but the obstruction of' the safety work and the cleanliness and neatness of the. working: environment need to be improved. Therefore,il is suggested Lhal the construction of hospital safety climate should be further strengthened in the rational allocation of human re-sources and emergency working environment.
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Objective To analyze the onset time rule of spontaneous pneumothorax ,and investigate the influence of climatic factors such as atmo-spheric pressure,wind speed,etc. on the onset of spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods Five hundred and ninety-three patients of spontaneous pneumothorax in Cenral Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College were enrolled for this study between January 1,2011 and December 31, 2015. The data of the average daily atmosphere pressure and wind speed in five years were recorded. The relationship between the onset of sponta-neous pneumothorax and the change of the atmosphere pressure and wind speed was analyzed. Results The incidence of spontaneous pneumotho-rax in Shenyang area was obvious seasonal. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax episodes were observed mostly in spring and in March and April;Second spontaneous pneumothorax episodes were observed mostly in winter and in November and December. The difference in mean atmospheric pressure was 0.6 hPa lower than on days in which no spontaneous pneumothorax occurred. This difference was statistically significant(P=0.015). We observed significantly higher average wind speed on days with SP versus days without(9.46±6.33 m/s vs 7.11±5.47 m/s,P<0.001). Conclu-sion Spontaneous pneumothorax has obvious aggregation of onset time. A sharp drop in atmospheric pressure and increases in wind speed has im-portant influence on the incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax.
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Volume concentration determination for atmospheric krypton and xenon is very important for krypton-85 and radioactive xenon isotopes monitoring. An injection setup integrated adjustable quantity sample injection and quantitative dilution function was designed. The effects of EI source parameters on the sensitivity of MS detector were studied. The optimized values were as following: ionization energy of 70 eV, emission current of 40 mA, cathode voltage of 27 mV, focus voltage of 85 mV and lens compensation of 20 V, respectively. A GC-MS method for the determination of krypton and xenon in atmosphere without of sample pretreatment was developed. The minimal detected concentrations for krypton and xenon were 3. 3×10-8(V/V) and 2. 6×10-9(V/V). Moreover, the krypton and xenon concentrations in the ground level air around our laboratory were measured with the results of 1 . 1 × 10-6 ( V/V ) and 9 . 3 × 10-8 ( V/V ) . The related combined standard uncertainties for krypton and xenon results were 2. 38% and 3. 15%, respectively.
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Objective To explore the effect of team-based tutorial system to nursing student in the order cultivation Pattern.Methods This study used the convenience sampling method.109 students were choosed from orientation training classes that 2012 and 2013 grade as the research subjects.The 59 students from 2013 grade as the test group,implement team-based tutorial system to them in the fourth semester.The 50 students from 2012 grade that had been implemented general management as the control group,then compare the fourth semester final grade,classes atmosphere,the evaluation of patients and clinical teachers over the same period.Results The test group and control group students' scores of their fourth semester final grade,classes atmosphere,the evaluation of clinical teachers and patients were (92.39±2.39),(3.45±0.64),(95.33±2.01),(94.75±2.38) points and (90.91±2.62),(3.14±0.63),(91.00±1.82),(90.63±2.34) points.There was difference between them,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-7.82 ～ 3.06,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The implementation of team-based tutorial system to nursing student in the order cultivation pattern can improve students' academic performance,improve their class atmosphere and their communication skills so that patients get good evaluation of patients and clinical teachers.
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Objective To investigate pulmonary function of the children close to a large chemical industrial park and its influencing factors . Methods Date of daily average air PM10 ,SO2 and NO2 levels from two communities ( Area A near a chemical industrial area , area B far away from the chemical industrial area ) of Shanghai were collected .Questionnaires and pulmonary functions tests were performed among children of grade 3 to 5 in two primary schools from the two communities . Results The annual PM10 levels were 75.12 μg/m3 in area A and 79.46 μg/m3 in area B, which were both slightly higher than the secondary standard of Ambient Air Quality Standard, GB 3095-2012 ( 70 μg/m3 ) .The annual NO 2 level (40.67μg/m3)in area B was slightly higher than the secondary standard of Ambient Air Quality Standard, GB 3095-2012(40 μg/m3).There were no significant differences in PM10, SO2 and NO2 levels between the two communities .The height and some pulmonary functions parameters such as forced vital capacity ( FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ) of children in are A were lower than those in area B.After reference predicted values of lung function were balanced , there were no significant differences in children's pulmonary function parameters between the two areas , FVC% and FEV1% were both above 87%, FEF50% and FEF75% were both above 72%.Bad condition of the ventilation in the kitchen and passive smoking had adverse effects on FEV 1%or FVC%and FEF50%%(r about -0.1). Conclusion The air quality close to the large chemical industrial park was not so bad , and there is no significant differences in the children's pulmonary function between area A and area B .The children's pulmonary may be more sensitive to the indoor environment in the low levels of atmosphere pollution .